We use cookies. This divine instrument is said to have been forged by the cyclopes. ), hence the name), a three-pointed trident (fuscina or tridens), and a dagger (pugio). "[33] Evidence suggests that some homosexual men fancied gladiators, and the retiarius would have been particularly appealing.

[42] Like other arena combatants, the retiarius fought barefoot. The discrepancy may simply be a case of artistic licence; other types of gladiator are often shown without their weapons but can be assumed to be holding them due to their stance, and a net is a particularly difficult weapon to depict. Therefore, the disgrace, which the Secutor had to submit to, in being forced to fight with Gracchus, was worse than any wound. Continental Army project. The wounds are 5 centimetres (2.0 inches) apart and match a bronze trident excavated from Ephesus harbour in 1989. [58] He held the weapon two-handed, left nearer the prongs, so that he could parry his enemy's strikes with its shaft and strike with both ends. [45] All told, the retiarius's equipment weighed 7 to 8 kilograms (15.4 to 17.6 lb), making him the lightest of the standard gladiator types. In Taoist rituals, a trident bell is used to invite the presence of deities and summon spirits, as the trident signifies the highest authority of Heaven. The trident may occasionally be held by other marine divinities such as Tritons in classical art. When the tide turns against him, he dons a tunic and a womanish wig (spira),[29] apparently part of the same costume, and thus enjoys a reprieve, although this attire may not itself have been considered effeminate as it was also worn by the priests of Mars of whom Gracchus was the chief priest.

It is unusual to see a gladiator depicted this way in a satire, as such fighters usually take the role of men who are "brawny, brutal, sexually successful with women of both high and low status, but especially the latter, ill-educated if not uneducated, and none too bright intellectually. The Greek equivalent is τρίαινα (tríaina), from Proto-Greek trianja, meaning "threefold". Beautiful Mermaid Names.

Mackay catalogs instances in classical literature where Poseidon is connected with the earthquake, but does not cite use of the trident in any, only mentioning its use in creating the horse. [36] Archaeologists have excavated three engraved shoulder guards from the gladiator barracks at Pompeii: one is engraved with illustrations of an anchor, a crab, and a dolphin; another with cupids and the head of Hercules; and a third with weapons and the inscription RET/SECUND ("retiarius, second rank"). In the later image, however, Kalendio lies on the ground, wounded, and raises his dagger to surrender. See!

Intelligent Whale [42] Likewise, the more heavily armoured gladiator tried to block the trident with his shield and force the net-man to lose it. The dying game: How did the gladiators really live? Trident Numerology : Personality No. [40] A successful cast of the net could win the battle for the retiarius straightaway. [11][13], Turning to the retinue or a train of beings which follow the sea deities (the marine thiasos) the Tritons (mermen) may be seen bearing tridents. [12] Likewise, the engulfing net may have been seen as a feminine symbol. [16] The retiarii lived in the worst barracks. Images from the Eastern Roman Empire show scissores wearing a tubular arm-guard in lieu of a shield. [2][56] The helmet of the secutor was smooth and round to avoid snagging the net.

[c][19], The trident is even seen suspended like a pendant on a dolphin in Roman mosaic art.[d][20]. Since at least the late 19th century the trident shape was applied to certain botanical shapes; for example, certain orchid flora were described as having trident-tipped lips in early botanical works. [51] One of the retiarius's tactics was to jab at the secutor's shield (the heaviest part of his equipment), forcing him to block and wear himself out. The secutores tried to scale the structure and get at him. They weigh about 1.1 to 1.2 kg (2.4 to 2.6 lb). This mail covered the arm and upper chest.

However, there is conflation of the deities in Romano-British iconography, and examples exist where the crab-claw headed Oceanus also bears a trident.

[13] The light arms and armour of the retiarius thus established him as the lowliest, most disgraced, and most effeminate of the gladiator types. Ancient Gladiator Mosaic Found in Roman Villa, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Retiarius&oldid=972354308, Short description is different from Wikidata, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, Cerutti, Steven M., and L. Richardson, Jr. (Winter 1989). A trident /ˈtraɪdənt/ is a three-pronged spear. [36] Artistic depictions show that other options included legbands, anklebands,[11] a headband, and a medallion.

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