The creation of the concept of latitude and longitude resulted in the creation of the concept of Earth’s hemispheres. How am I supposed to know which one it is? A few European examples are Copenhagen, Madrid, Paris and Saint Petersburg; while in the United States of America Washington and Philadelphia had been chosen. 23/10/2020 1367 views 62 likes. These would be numbered as 90 degrees North and South respectively (90°N and 90°S). These are pointed at their ends and broadest in the middle. More commonly though, for patriotic reasons, many countries chose one of their cities. The 0° line of longitude (Greenwich Meridian) was chosen as the start point of the system and the 180° line of longitude was the end point. It provides a framework within which these partners can develop new projects and coordinate their strategies and investments. As of January 2016, GEO’s membership includes 102 governments including the European Commission. These would meet at the opposite side of the Earth and form a joint 180° line of longitude (with 180°E and 180°W being the same line).

beyond the Poles and the Polar Circles 24 hours of daylight (midnight sun) is possible in summer and 24 hours without any daylight is possible in winter. GEO makes available Earth observations in support of effective policy responses for climate change adaptation, mitigation and other specific provisions , working with partners to enhance global observation systems for climate action. Over 100 observations and measurements.

The convention eventually agreed upon was to have a series of radiating lines which run vertically around the Earth. Only the rich could afford clocks and in many places the town hall clocks or the church bells were the only source of official/consistent time. Video 00:04:24 Applications Earth from Space: Ganges Delta. GEO is a voluntary partnership of governments and international organizations. For a considerable period of time the issue of which line of longitude was to be the primary line could not be agreed.

For example: For obvious reasons, lines of latitude are called parallels. In 1878, Canadian Sir Sanford Fleming, proposed a system of worldwide time zones based on lines of longitude. Note the following: Why the fuss about Great Circles? As of January 2016, the participating organizations are: Learn how and when to remove this template message, Global Earth Observation System of Systems, Global_Earth_Observation_System_of_Systems § Participating_organizations, African Centre of Meteorological Application for Development, Asia-Pacific Network for Global Change Research, Association for the Development of Environmental Information, Association of European Renewable Energy Research Centres, Association of the Geological Surveys of the European Union, Central American Commission for the Environment and Development, Commission on the Protection of the Black Sea Against Pollution, Committee on Data for Science and Technology, Committee on Earth Observation Satellites, Coordination Group for Meteorological Satellites, Environmental Information Systems - AFRICA, European Association of Remote Sensing Companies, European Association of Remote Sensing Laboratories, European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts, European Organisation for the Exploitation of Meteorological Satellites, Faculty of Geo-Information Science and Earth Observation, Federation of Digital Broad-Band Seismograph Networks, Federation of Earth Science Information Partners, Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Global Learning and Observations to Benefit the Environment, IEEE Geoscience and Remote Sensing Society, Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission, International Centre for Integrated mountain Development, International Council on Systems Engineering, International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis, International Institute for Sustainable Development, International Society for Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing, International Union of Geodesy and Geophysics, International Union of Geological Sciences, Mariolopoulous-Kanaginis Foundation for the Environmental Sciences, Network of European Meteorological Services/Composite Observing System, Partnership for Observation of the Global Oceans, Regional Centre for Mapping of Resources for Development, Regional Centre for Remote Sensing of North Africa States, Regional Centre for Training in Aerospace Surveys, Secretariat of the United Nations Convention to Combat Desertification, South Pacific Applied Geoscience Commission, United Nations Economic Commission for Africa, United Nations Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific, United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organisation, United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change, United Nations Institute for Training and Research, United Nations Office for Disaster Risk Reduction, United Nations Office for Outer Space Affairs, University Corporation for Atmospheric Research, Water Center for the Humid Tropics of Latin America and the Caribbean, World Federation of Public Health Associations, Group on Earth Observations (official website), List of web sites of GEO Participating Organizations, GEOSS Best Practices Wiki, entries by the GMES Network of Users, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Group_on_Earth_Observations&oldid=978433085, Geographic data and information organizations, Articles needing additional references from September 2020, All articles needing additional references, Wikipedia external links cleanup from September 2020, Wikipedia spam cleanup from September 2020, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, This page was last edited on 14 September 2020, at 21:53. ©  Commonwealth of Australia on behalf of ICSM, PSMA’s Geocoded National Address File (G-NAF), United Nations Group of Experts on Geographical Names (UNGEGN), SIDA Special Interest Group – Spatial Information Delivery and Access, The Australian Geospatial Reference System, Fundamentals of Land Ownership, Land Boundaries and Surveying, http://gisgeography.com/magnetic-north-vs-geographic-true-pole/, https://www.dlsweb.rmit.edu.au/toolbox/splash/toolbox_11_04/uoc5/html/p1basic.htm, http://www.antarctica.gov.au/about-antarctica/fact-files/geography/poles-and-directions, http://geography.about.com/od/locateplacesworldwide/, http://www.phy6.org/stargaze/Slatlong.htm, http://www.geomag.nrcan.gc.ca/index-en.php, Upgrades to the Australian Geospatial Reference System. These instruments are used to measure and monitor specific aspects of Earth’s physical, chemical and biological systems. Play. These are: Because lines of latitude are like slices through the Earth they have different lengths. The system that has been developed over many centuries is called latitude and longitude. The first step in converting the information contained in the real–world onto a ‘piece of paper’ was to devise a system where everything could be uniquely located in the world. GEO meets in plenary at least once a year at the level of senior officials and periodically at the ministerial level. 23.5°N and S - The Tropics (called Cancer in the north and Capricorn in the south), between these two, at some time of the year, the sun is directly overhead, beyond each of these the sun is never directly overhead. The location and measurement of latitude and longitude essentially involves complex mathematics (especially geometry) and a series of international agreements ⁄ conventions for recording locations on the surface of the Earth. Very early maps (which usually showed small local or regional areas) used a grid technique which relied on simply measuring the distance and direction between points of interest and then plotting these onto the ‘piece of paper’. Play. This page was last edited on 21 October 2020, at 00:12. [1] It was launched in response to calls for action by the 2002 World Summit on Sustainable Development [2] and the Group of Eight (G8) leading industrialized countries. Read more about the South Poles on the Australian Antarctic Division's website http://www.antarctica.gov.au/about-antarctica/fact-files/geography/poles-and-directions. the Antarctic Circle is 17,662 kilometres long, It is the point on the Earth which is calculated as the northerly point which is furthest away from the Equator, It is located in the middle of the Arctic Ocean. To be useful, the raw data collected must be processed, archived, interpreted, and made available via easy-to-use channels in the form of information comprehensible not only by remote sensing experts. Is Earth one of the "HD" numbers on the astrophysics terminal? The first convention to be developed was latitude. Eastern Hemisphere — that half of the Earth which is east of the 0° line of longitude (Greenwich Meridian).Note with this definition continental Europe is in the Eastern Hemisphere. How time zones in individual countries match their International or State Borders – eg: China, which crosses five time zones, has chosen to use only one time, Australia and United States of America cross several time zones and they have chosen to use these times – but these are matched to State/Territory borders, France and Spain, which are in the same time zone as the United Kingdom, have opted to use the neighbouring time zone – the same as the other countries in continental Europe. The answer is that for any two points on the surface of the Earth, the shortest distance between those points is always along a Great Circle. It is the point that a magnetic compass points to. Combine latitude and longitude together and we have a system to record the location of any feature on the surface of the Earth uniquely. Eventually, in October 1884, at the International Meridian Conference, it was agreed that the line of longitude that runs through the Royal Observatory, Greenwich in United Kingdom, was to be adopted as the standard primary line of longitude. Each member and participating organization is represented by a principal and a principal alternate.

Using zones of longitude which were 15° wide he was able to divide the Earth into 24 time zones (one for each hour of the day). In addition, 92 intergovernmental, international and regional organizations with a mandate in Earth observation or related issues have been recognized as participating organizations (see lists below). GEO was established in February 2005 by the Third Earth Observation Summit in Brussels at the end of a process that started in 2003 with the First Earth Observation Summit in Washington, DC. By the mid-1900’s this had become an agreed international system, although some countries, in order to minimise time variations, have opted to choose a particular time for their whole country – regardless of where the longitudinal lines run. This is because of distortions that are created when the surface of the Earth is projected onto a ‘flat piece of paper’. Because of its status as a centre of learning other early map makers, such as Ptolemy, had used Alexandria in Egypt.

These are: Southern Hemisphere — that half of the Earth which is south of the Equator. XYZ Projective Coordinates. Flat Earth Claim #1: We See Too Far, from the 24/7 Flat Earth Discord Livestream podcast: https://open.spotify.com/episode/4BEhuEtWK2R971gtqMkicw, https://open.spotify.com/episode/4BEhuEtWK2R971gtqMkicw, Southern Ocean Sea level to Mountains at 300 miles, Milwaukee Wisconsin From Muskeegan Michigan, Glencoe Pier to Waukegan NRG Power Station, The Lhen Beach to The Mull of Galloway Lighthouse, Worthing to Beachy Head Cliffs and Lighthouse, Playa de Santiago to Paquita Parez Fishing boat, Port Washington Power Plant to Elm Road Power Plant, Itälahti Lauttasaari to Gråhara Lighthouse, Atwater Park to Edgewater generating station, Colorado Rocky Mountains from Commercial Flight, Lake Balaton, Balatonvilagos - Measurement 2, Lake IJssel - Measurement 3 - April 8th 2018, Lake IJssel - Measurement 4 - April 8th 2018, Lake IJssel - Measurement 5 - April 22nd 2018, Lake IJssel - Measurement 6 - April 22nd 2018, Lake IJssel - Measurement 7 - April 20nd 2018, https://wiki.247flatearth.net/index.php?title=Observations&oldid=1097, Simultaneously - 5 miles (8.0 km) , 6 miles (9.7 km) , 7 miles (11 km) , 8 miles (13 km), Simultaneously - 11.4 feet (3.5 m) , 17.6 feet (5.4 m) , 25.1 feet (7.7 m) , 33.9 feet (10.3 m), 18 miles (29 km) , 28 miles (45 km) , 30.2 miles (48.6 km) , 33.6 miles (54.1 km), 15 feet (4.6 m) , 30 feet (9.1 m) , 20 feet (6.1 m) , 15 feet (4.6 m), Tower 550 feet (170 m) Roller Coaster 235 feet (72 m), 4.7 miles (7.6 km) , 6.7 miles (10.8 km) , 5.4 miles (8.7 km) , 4.7 miles (7.6 km), 117.2 feet (35.7 m) , 302 feet (92 m) , 407 feet (124 m) , 555 feet (169 m), 10,000 feet (3,000 m)-20,000 feet (6,100 m).

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