[1] Depending on registries, longhaired Scottish Folds are varyingly known as Highland Fold, Scottish Fold Longhair, Longhair Fold and Coupari.

[12][13] If Scottish Shorthairs are to be used, they should be test mated to a BSH to make sure that they are not genetically folds.

[11] A cat with folded ears may have either one (heterozygous) or two copies (homozygous) of the fold gene (Fd). What do the terms inbreeding and linebreeding mean. Please consider making a contribution, big or small, to keep our content free, accurate and relevant. Scottish Folds, whether with folded ears or with normal ears, are typically good-natured and placid and adjust to other animals within a household extremely well.

[2] These animals like to be outdoors and enjoy outdoor games and activities very much. The Fold's entire body structure, especially the head and face, is generally rounded, and the eyes large and round. An offer of free X-rays was presented to 300 breeders to find a Fold cat with healthy hind legs but it was never taken up. There is a longhaired variety known as the Highland Fold. [1], Originally called lop-eared or lops after the lop-eared rabbit, Scottish Fold became the breed's name in 1966. Smaller, tightly folded ears set in a cap-like fashion are preferred to a loose fold and larger ear. Originally called lop-eared or lops after the lop-eared rabbit, Scottish Fold became the breed's name in 1966. The fact that the Scottish fold’s folded ears are caused by osteochondrodysplasia and that there is no way to breed Scottish folds without this condition is the main objection to the breed’s ongoing existence, and the greatest potential threat to the health, wellness, quality of life and longevity of cats of the breed. Three months after Snooks' birth, Susie was killed by a car. The large, round eyes and rounded head, cheeks, and whisker pads add to the overall rounded appearance. The mutation causing osteochondrodysplasia results from a single autosomal dominant gene, although the gene may have incomplete penetrance, and thus the abnormalities may vary in severity between one cat and another. RSPCA Policy A06 Breeding of companion animals. [5], Scottish folds are susceptible to polycystic kidney disease (PKD)[16] and cardiomyopathy. The disease is evident on x … [21], CFA breeders have stated that using only Fold to non-Fold breeding has eliminated problems with stiff tails, shortened tails and bone lesions. Requesting the agreement of pet owners to be periodically contacted by the NZCF or by a researcher, to provide reports about the health of their cat. For the long-haired variant of the British Shorthair, see. A round and chubby cat is all the more lovable – we can all agree on that. However, this unique ear shape is caused by an underlying defect in the formation of cartilage, which would normally retain the ears in a normal shape. The rare distinctive physical traits of the breed, combined with their reputation as unusually loving companions, make Folds highly sought-after pets and Fold kittens typically cost considerably more than kittens of more common breeds.

However, being selfish and wishing for a warm and cuddly ball of fur can be extremely unhealthy for your Scottish Fold.

All Scottish Fold cats suffer from variable degrees of painful degenerative joint disease, which can result in fusing of the tail, tarsi (ankles) and stifles (knees). It was found in a gene encoding a calcium permeable ion channel, transient receptor potential cation channel, subfamily V, member 4 (TRPV4). Kim, T.J. Cho, M. Schmidt-Rimpler, H. Tonoki, K. Takikawa, et al.Novel and recurrent TRPV4 mutations and their association with distinct phenotypes within the TRPV4 dysplasia family.

The Scottish Fold breed of cat is a very popular pet in the USA, due to its affectionate and gentle nature and distinctive appearance. What are the health and welfare issues associated with exaggerated physical features in cats? The head is domed at the top, and the neck very short. Due to the crippling deformities evident in this breed, it was excluded from the Cat Fancy of Great Britain as a recognised breed in 1974 and was also banned by the Fédération Internationale Féline. The most obvious outward manifestation of this is making the ear cartilage fold so the ears bend forward, giving the cat its characteristic appearance. Since the initial concerns were brought, the Fold breed has not had the mite and infection problems, though wax buildup in the ears may be greater than in other cats.[1][2]. [2], The original Scottish Fold was a white barn cat named Susie, who was found at a farm near Coupar Angus in Perthshire, Scotland, in 1961.

While ethical breeders breed Fold/non-Fold and not Fold/Fold (in the same way Munchkins are bred) to avoid producing homozygous Folds,[5] because heterozygous Folds can also develop progressive arthritis of varying severity, some researchers recommend abandoning the breeding of Fold cats entirely. We use cookies to improve our website to make sure you have a better browsing experience. The tightly folded ears do not appear to be any more prone to infections than those of cats with upright ears. J Med Genet, 47 (2010), pp. Accessed 26 September 2017. All Scottish Fold cats share a common ancestry to Susie. Loneliness is something they heavily dislike and which makes them feel depressed. https://www.ufaw.org.uk/cats/scottish-fold-osteochondrodysplasia, https://theconversation.com/cute-and-condemned-to-suffering-its-time-to-ban-the-breeding-of-mutant-cats-65874, Malik R Allan GS Howlett CR Thompson DE James G McWhirter C and Kendall K (1999) Osteochondrodysplasia in Scottish fold cats. It was also found in a human patient with metatropic dysplasia. Osteochondrodysplasia (OCD) is a developmental abnormality that affects cartilage and bone development throughout the body. [1] In the FIFe discussion, the representative for British breeders claimed that they were not seeing the problem in their cats and that the study which showed that all heterozygous also have the condition had a small sample size. What do I need to know before I get a new pet? More information is needed about other breeds of cats with folded or curly ears before we can be certain that they too do not have defects that may cause other problems. All Folds are born with straight, unfolded ears, and those with the Fold gene will begin to show the fold usually within about 21 days. The Scottish Fold is a breed of domestic cat with a natural dominant-gene mutation that affects cartilage throughout the body, causing the ears to "fold", bending forward and down towards the front of the head, which gives the cat what is often described as an "owl-like" appearance.. Lilac coloured adult Scottish Fold, displaying round face, round eyes and forward-folded ears. [3] Ross registered the breed with the Governing Council of the Cat Fancy (GCCF) in the United Kingdom in 1966 and started to breed Scottish Fold kittens with the help of geneticist Pat Turner. Those with severe disease are often suffering immensely and require euthanasia, sometimes early in life. [18] Homozygous Folds are affected by malformed bone structures and develop severe painful degenerative joint diseases at an early age.

This condition also affects heterozygous Folds, but usually to a much lesser extent and at a later age. The kittens that do not develop folded ears are known as Straights. Mating a homozygous fold with any cat will produce all folds, but because homozygous folds are prone to severe health issues, breeding for them is generally considered unethical. This ear fold is the result of a natural genetic mutation first observed in a farm kitten in Scotland in 1961. Breeders in the USA persisted, however, and have attempted to improve the health of the breed by never breeding Scottish Folds together but instead, crossing them with either American Shorthairs or British Shorthairs.

Scottish Folds come in many different colors and patterns, with the exceptions of chocolate, lavender, the Himalayan pattern, or a combination of these colors and white. Folds are also known for sleeping on their backs. However, as a charity, we need your support to enable us to keep delivering high quality and up to date information for everyone. Serious abnormalities in joints and bone growth lead to arthritis (painful, swollen joints), short, abnormally thick and inflexible tails, spinal abnormalities and short, stiff legs. Truth be told, the Scottish fold is prone to being overweight or even obese if you go off the grid with the feeding schedule and the amount of food given. RSPCA Australia believes it is unethical to breed from animals with a genetic mutation that is known to cause painful deformities and disease. [14] The mutation is a V342F substitution (c.1024G>T) in the fifth ankyrin repeat within the N-terminal cytoplasmic domain. While research shows that all heterozygous Folds develop OCD, and anecdotal evidence shows that heterozygous Folds can and do develop OCD, they do not show whether mildly affected parents are more likely to have mildly affected offspring. 2009", https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Scottish_Fold&oldid=986156126, Short description is different from Wikidata, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. All Scottish Fold cats with folded ears are affected by this disease. The broadly-spaced eyes give the Scottish Fold a "sweet expression". This is an unnatural appearance for a cat though, and the underlying genetic defect has far reaching and severe consequences for the health of the cat. "Scottish Fold Cat Breed Information, Pictures, Characteristics & Facts." CatTime, cattime.com/cat-breeds/scottish-fold-cats#/slide/1. The report states that there is not enough information to justify banning Scottish Fold matings but enough to justify a level of concern. International Cat Care has joined forces with the British Veterinary Association (BVA) to raise awareness on the suffering of Scottish Fold cats because of the way they have been bred to look. This inherited cartilage defect (also known as Scottish Fold disease, or Osteochondrodysplasia) causes other deformities throughout the body and is a dominant trait, meaning all kittens in the litter will be affected. Some will be asymptomatic. The only generally accepted breeding gives a 50% chance of producing heterozygous folds and 50% chance of producing normals.

For information on the scientific evidence for the suffering of Scottish Folds, read this article in our online magazine Intelligent Cat Care.

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