Be in the know. ), “Unraveling the Thresher’s Story” (October 2017, 38–42); and Comment & Discussion contributions from K. Highfill (January 2018, pp. Have positive up angle. Retired Capt. The prevention of unauthorized alterations in critical systems—including the hull, seawater systems, high-pressure air, and control surfaces—was prioritized. Stanford Libraries, “Loss of the USS Thresher: Hearings before the Joint Committee on Atomic Energy, Congress of the United States, Eighty-Eighth Congress, First and Second Sessions on the Loss of the USS Thresher”: 26–27 June, 23 July 1963, and 1 July 1964, 12. Some of the improvements included better welding techniques, and the main ballast tank blow system that helps a submarine reach the surface was made more effective. If they had been, the Naval Court of Inquiry’s report on MCPs would not have been deemed “inconclusive.” Relying on a single normally reliable system—the nuclear propulsion plant—without a designed and tested backup proved catastrophic for the Thresher. The documents noted that the commanding officer's evaluation of the first year of operations – before additional work was conducted -- included praise for the submarine. VADM Dennis Wilkerson was my boss there. By Captain James B. Bryant, U.S. Navy (Retired), About U.S. Additionally, as discussed above. Stern planes stuck in a dive position would require the Thresher to stop to prevent a large down angle and downward depth excursion. Admiral William Smith and Captains Clarence Moore and Walter Coakley are listed in the letter certifying it. Comment to IUSSCAA members: it is very difficult to understand how CAPT Alford could have been so misinformed. At 0853, the Thresher reported going to test depth: 1,300 feet.

A significant Cold War threat, she went into the water bow first because of her increased size. (7) The front half of the sub was vertical and the sub broke in two at the reactor compartment. This material may not be published, broadcast, rewritten, or redistributed. Such an impact would have been detected by SOSUS as seismic and/or acoustic energy at the event range of 30 nautical miles from the nearest hydrophone array. How do I vote in my state in the 2020 election? (4) From a human perception standpoint (had there been a tape recording), there would have been only one audible collapse event. Stanford Libraries, “Loss of the USS Thresher,” 85, 86. "All … Ice forming on the strainers from adiabatic cooling from the Venturi effect blocked air flow until the ice melted or broke free, allowing reduced air flow until ice formed again. Because the USS SKYLARK (ASR-20) did not have the capability to record the underwater communications with THRESHER, the content of those communications was established by the Court of Inquiry (COI) through extensive, direct examination of those aboard SKYLARK who were present when the communications occurred. In sound trials, weapons testing, and submarine exercises, the Thresher’s performance was outstanding, but she had not yet deployed overseas to face Soviet submarines.

The USS Thresher (SSN-593) was launched at Portsmouth Naval Shipyard 9 July 1960. One submarine has sunk since then, the USS Scorpion in 1968, and it was not SUBSAFE-certified, the Navy said. 5. No THRESHER COI document discusses the (quote) stand clear, emergency surfacing from test depth, flooding in the engine room (end quote) transmission attributed to THRESHER by CAPT Alford. NCoI, section III 36–54. The following timeline delves more deeply into the information presented in the March 2018 Proceedings: • 0909: SOSUS detects SSTGs changing speed slowly by measuring MCP frequency—a symptom of an ongoing problem in the engine room, probably caused by seawater-leak isolation of the main seawater system that supplied cooling to the main condensers. On April 10, 1963, the USS Thresher sank with 129 men on board, 250 miles off Cape Cod in the Wilkinson Deep. Regardless of why he was so misinformed, his statements are an example of the erroneous assessments extant in the public domain about the loss of the USS THRESHER and SOSUS detections of the event. Sign up to get updates about new releases and event invitations. Joy MacMillan, one of four siblings who lost their father, the submarine's chief radioman, said it's helpful to know the tragedy spurred safety improvements. Philip Martin Callaghan, “Effects of the USS Thresher Disaster upon Submarine Safety and Deep-Submergence Capabilities in the United States Navy,” MA thesis, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA (1987), 11. The documents released Wednesday included the timeline of the sinking, evidence lists, reports, testimony and correspondence. 15. After the Thresher loss, the Naval Court of Inquiry directed a pierside test of the MBT blow system on the Tinosa (SSN-606), a Thresher-class submarine in the final stages of construction at PNSY. Ballard used his 1985 discovery of the RMS Titanic as a Cold War cover for surveying the Thresher. 10 of the Submarine Safety (SubSafe) Program. "He stated, 'In my opinion, the most dangerous condition that exists in Thresher is the danger of salt water flooding while at or near test depth,'" the report said. This inaccurate description of an important test was referred to many times in testimony before the court and Congress. September 26, 2020 / 11:38 AM The Navy inquiry found weaknesses in the design and construction of the first-in-class nuclear-powered submarine, which had been built at Portsmouth Naval Shipyard in Kittery, Maine, and based in Groton, Connecticut. Marotta provided the orifice plates and strainers, and PNSY installed them, without anyone on the Thresher or the Tinosa knowing that to prevent construction debris from damaging the reducing valves, they should have been removed when the work was completed.

Yet a letter from Marotta’s president and chief executive officer states that there were no records or corporate memory of this issue.12. "Complete answers as to why they happened may never come.". MCPs were not started in slow speed to remove decay heat from the reactor core, a procedural violation. Department of the Navy, Office of the Judge Advocate General’s Corps, “Loss at Sea of USS Thresher,” 25 June 1963. It has now been 55 years since the USS Thresher (SSN-593) sank east of Cape Cod, Massachusetts, during a routine test dive—the first nuclear-submarine disaster and, in lives lost, the worst. Email to James Bryant, 7 December 2017, held by Bryant, Evans, and Wulfekuhle. The sub sank in April of 1963, killing the entire crew. Open source data indicates the intact MIKE Class Soviet nuclear submarine, fully flooded with the exception of the first compartment, had an average sink-rate of 10-12 knots. Rule reported a LoFARGram showing a compartment flooding at great depth producing more than 100 individual strong narrowband resonances detectable from more than 700 nautical miles. Copyright © 2020 CBS Interactive Inc. All rights reserved. The test depth nearly doubled, from 700 to 1,300 feet, providing more protection from antisubmarine weapons, making active surface-ship sonars less effective, and increasing the margin of safety for depth excursions during control-surface casualties. The airflow stopped and restarted sporadically every few seconds for six minutes, until the test was stopped.11 Ruptured strainers would be less restrictive than collapsed strainers, and orifice plates (not mentioned in the Naval Court of Inquiry’s report) significantly restricted air flow to the MBTs. 6. With respect to sources, SOSUS information not from Rule’s book is either from emails or interviews with him. Those statements of special interest are foot-noted (1) through (8) with references to Navy Judge Advocate General THRESHER Court of Inquiry documents that provide information related to those statements. As of March 2007, the Office of Naval Intelligence (ONI) still held a photo-copy of the original SOSUS time versus frequency visual display (LOFARgram) upon which this assessment is based. By 0913 the Thresher had exceeded test depth, maybe by as much as 600 feet if the 0917 report, “900 North,” is interpreted as 900 feet below test depth or 2,200 feet—reasonable, given that the submarine was reporting depth relative to test depth. Naval Institute Essay Contests, Since SOSUS did not detect blade rate (screw rpm), the, Rule’s analysis of LoFARGrams from SOSUS stations as remote as Argentia, Newfoundland, and Antigua, British West Indies, produced a time-difference fix on where the. The transcript of that direct examination is provided by http://www.jag.navy.mil/library/investigations/USS%20THRESHER%20PT%203.pdf. I believe to this day that he was telling us something was wrong with the air blow system. The loss of the nuclear-powered submarine and all 129 men aboard during a test dive in the Atlantic Ocean delivered a blow to national pride during the Cold War and became the impetus for safety improvements. Imagery of the THRESHER site is reported to have confirmed the wreck was in six major sections, the result of destructive collapse (fragmentation) 6000 feet above the sea floor. This is consistent with testimony that neutral buoyancy was no longer a priority with reliable nuclear propulsion.10. Only de-ballasting by blowing MBTs and pumping variable ballast tanks to sea would enable ascent. The Navy finally should release all related information. (5) Six weeks later when she was located, the bow was buried about thirty feet deep.

(end quote) Additionally, there was no Sound Surveillance System (SOSUS) acoustic detection of THRESHER main propulsion activity nor was there any detection of a Doppler component that would have been produced by the such activity. The first sign of trouble was a garbled message about a "minor difficulty" after the 279-foot submarine descended to more than 800 feet. (3) There is no discussion in any THRESHER COI document of the THRESHER (quote) screw speeding up (end quote) or subsequently (quote) slowing down. Am attempting to blow. In 1962–63, Lieutenant Bruce Rule was the analysis officer for the SOSUS Evaluation Center in Norfolk, Virginia; he analyzed the LoFARGrams and testified to the Naval Court of Inquiry. Even someone as good an engineer as Wes couldn�t figure out why the air blow stopped. The second USS Thresher (SSN-593) was the lead boat of her class of nuclear-powered attack submarines in the United States Navy. She was the U.S. Navy's second submarine to be named after the thresher shark. The first nuclear-powered submarines, slow and radiating excessive noise, retained the traditional diesel-electric hull design. I could hear the air blow start and the screw speeding up. He is grateful to Harold Evans and Nicholas Wulfekuhle for their research and editing in the preparation of this article, and to Iowa State Professor Capt. The crew indicated it was attempting to empty ballast tanks in an effort to surface. What happens if the president doesn't accept the election results? SOSUS Array Fox, 30 nautical miles from the Thresher, detected  MCPs and main ballast tank (MBT) blow events, but not flooding. There were no running MCPs; the reactor had scrammed; MS-1 and 2 were shut; main propulsion was lost; the boat was accelerating downward in an uncontrolled descent that the MBT blow could not stop; and the crew could hear the creaking and groaning sounds of the pressure hull compressing.

12. These paper-based time-vs.-frequency plots are produced by Sound Surveillance System (SOSUS) passive sonar hydrophones of Array Fox terminating at the Canadian Naval Station HMCS Shelburne (Nova Scotia).2 The data reveal that the Thresher very likely had already sunk below her 1,300-foot test depth limit when she reported minor difficulties. A 2019 dedication of a new memorial at Arlington Memorial cemetery to the officers and crew of the USS Thresher, a nuclear submarine that sank in 1963, in Arlington, VA. Photo by Bill O'Leary/The Washington Post via Getty Images, deadliest submarine disaster in U.S. history, South Dakota attorney general "distracted" before deadly crash, Scientists capture two murder hornet queens after destroying nest, The Legacy of the Thresher - 1964 Dan Rather CBS SUBSAFE USS Thresher 41280 HD.

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