References to him in Old Norse literature are sparse and tell us little to nothing about his personality or role in pre-Christian religion and mythology. Within the winter skiing community of Europe the Old Norse god "Ullr" is considered the Guardian Patron Saint of Skiers (German Schutzpatron der Skifahrer). Ullr is the god of sports. Three skaldic poems, Þórsdrápa, Haustlöng and a fragment by Eysteinn Valdason, refer to Thor as Ullr's stepfather, confirming Snorri's information. Snorri informs his readers that Ullr can be called ski-god, bow-god, hunting-god and shield-god. Who Were the Indo-Europeans and Why Do They Matter. In the mainland North Germanic languages, the modern form is Ull. [2] Simek, Rudolf. [10], Some have attempted to equate Ullr with the sky god Tyr, who, as his article on this site discusses, was the Germanic version of the highest god of the Proto-Indo-Europeans, from whom the Norse and other Germanic peoples are descended.[11]. Ullr is the son of the grain goddess Sif, and therefore the stepson of the thunder god Thor. [8][9], The meaning and etymology of his name are uncertain, but some have suggested that it could be derived from a Germanic root that can also be found in Gothic wulþus, “glory,” and Old English wuldor (“glory, splendor, honor”). The English versions shown here are by Thorpe. Ull possessed warrior-like attributes and was called upon for aid in individual combat. Myth and Religion of the North: The Religion of Ancient Scandinavia.

[7], The prevalence of place names derived from “Ullr” throughout Sweden and eastern Norway further attests to Ullr having once been an exceptionally prominent figure amongst the Scandinavian gods. The points of this rendition are terminated with the open "Trishulas" of the triple goddess. Dictionary of Northern Mythology. Rydberg, Viktor Undersökningar i Germanisk Mythologi, 2 volumes (1886–1889) Volume 1 (1886), translated as "Teutonic Mythology" (1889), Rasmus B. Anderson. All rights reserved. In the chronicles of the Danish historian Saxo Grammaticus, Ollerus is the equivalent of Ull. Encyclopaedia Britannica's editors oversee subject areas in which they have extensive knowledge, whether from years of experience gained by working on that content or via study for an advanced degree.... Be on the lookout for your Britannica newsletter to get trusted stories delivered right to your inbox. Sometimes worn by Celtic Christians as well as Heathens, it has a simple elegance. Ullr helped Svipdagr-Eiríkr rescue Freyja from the giants. Translated by Angela Hall. p. 184. It is also probably significant that the placenames referring to this god are often found close to placenames referring to another deity: Njörðr in Sweden and Freyr in Norway. Ull is said there to be the handsome son of Sif and the stepson of her husband Thor. Early skis, or perhaps sleds, might have been reminiscent of shields. Nevertheless, these passing references indicate that he was once a deity of considerable importance, even if we don’t know why. [13] Simek, Rudolf.

By signing up for this email, you are agreeing to news, offers, and information from Encyclopaedia Britannica. The episode of swearing an oath on Ullr’s ring in the Atlakviða could indicate that Ullr was likewise appealed to as a patron of law and justice. His father, Egill, was the greatest archer in the mythology, and Ullr follows in his father's footsteps. Snorri's note that a shield can be called Ullr's ship is borne out by surviving skaldic poetry with kennings such as askr Ullar, far Ullar and kjóll Ullar all meaning Ullr's ship and referring to shields. [4] Turville-Petre, E.O.G.

The second element, -þewaz, means "slave, servant". This page was last edited on 18 October 2020, at 13:10. Corrections? So, in the end, we know just enough about Ullr to infer that he was once a deity of prime importance, but we have no idea who he really was or what made him so important to the ancient Scandinavians. [8], Ullr is a playable character in the video game Smite.[9]. 1993. Uller is reknowned in Asgard for his cunning. Many of these names are combined with elements such as hof, “temple,” which indicates active worship of Ullr during the early Viking Age and possibly later as well. Bäck, Mathias; Hållans Stenholm, Ann-Mari; Ljung, Jan-Åke, "Saxo Grammaticus, Gesta Danorum, Liber 3, Caput 4", http://www.hi.is/~eybjorn/ugm/kennings/tvoca.html, Edda Sæmundar Hinns Froða: The Edda Of Sæmund The Learned. Ollerus ruled under the name Odin for ten years until the true Odin was called back. Again we seem to find Ullr associated with some sort of ceremony, this time that of swearing an oath by a ring, a practice associated with Thor in later sources. An Ullr medallion or Ullr ski medal, depicting the Scandinavian god Ullr on skis holding a bow and arrow, is widely worn as a talisman by both recreational and professional skiers as well as ski patrols in Europe and elsewhere. It seems likely that he didn't know any, the god having faded from memory. This suggestion is corroborated by the medieval Danish historian Saxo Grammaticus, who tells us that Ullr (whose name is here Latinized as “Ollerus”) assumed the leadership of the gods during a period when their usual chief, Odin, was in exile. The yew was an important material in the making of bows, and the word ýr, "yew", is often used metonymically to refer to bows. 1964.

In turn a shield can be called Ullr's ship. In early Germanic paganism, *Wulþuz ("glory") appears to have been an important concept, perhaps personified as a god, or an epithet of an important god; it is continued in Old Norse tradition as Ullr, a god associated with archery. p. 182.

This article was most recently revised and updated by, Ull - Student Encyclopedia (Ages 11 and up). Dictionary of Northern Mythology. Rydberg also postulates he also ruled over the Vanir when they held Ásgarðr during the war between the Vanir and the Æsir, however Rudolf Simek states "this has no basis in the sources whatsoever". Edited by Helen F. Leslie and Mathais Nordvig. The Thorsberg chape (a metal piece belonging to a scabbard found in the Thorsberg moor) bears an Elder Futhark inscription, one of the earliest known altogether, dating to roughly AD 200. More fundamentally, however, any argument that assumes the Vanir were a distinct tribe is by that virtue alone open to considerable suspicion, because it’s highly debatable to what extent the Vanir were seen as being a distinct tribe of gods, if at all.[13]. Uller is a handsome man with red hair and beard.

In The Retrospective Methods Newsletter, December 2010. The Old Norse Language and How to Learn It, The Swastika – Its Ancient Origins and Modern (Mis)use. 2010. [6] Similarly, another Old Norse poem, the Atlakviða, features a scene involving the swearing of oaths wherein the last and most solemn oath is sworn on the ring of Ullr. Grímnismál, stanza 5. Gods and Myths of Northern Europe.

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